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Changing the Way Our Students Learn – 3D Printing

What is 3D Design and Fabrication?

Digital fabrication technology also referred to as 3D Printing or additive manufacturing, is a method of making a physical object from a three-dimensional model from a digital file or CAD model. It is ‘additive’ in that it doesn’t require a block of material or mold to manufacture physical objects, instead, the material is deposited, joined, or solidified under computer control, with material being added together, typically layer by layer. 

Sounds high-tech doesn’t it? But believe it or not, computer-aided additive manufacturing processes have been around for more than 30 years. However, the technology, now most commonly referred to as 3D Printing, is advancing rapidly, making its way to labs, schools, and even homes, reshaping manufacturing in the 21st century.

3D design and fabrication opens up inspiring possibilities and opportunities. Users from kids to adults can immediately hold, evaluate, test, and use their ideas, reshaping the fields of art, design, architecture, science, technology, and engineering by revolutionizing how things are made.

But you still might be asking:

 To help answer those questions, let’s dive into the Top 3 Reasons STEAMwhiz Uses 3D Printing as an Educational Tool.

Top 3 Reasons for 3D Printing in the Lab

1. Put the “A” in S.T.E.A.M

The arts are vital for student success! 

3D Printers have emerged as powerful tools to introduce art in the lab, where students have the freedom to create, innovate, and solve. Through the use of 3D design and fabrication, our lab participants, your students, will engage themselves in the full design process from start to finish. Using computer-aided design (CAD) software, lab participants will design 3D objects using elements of art, math, and engineering and then create physical representations of that object using one of our several printers.

By designing 3D objects using CAD software, students can better understand how 3D shapes fit and work together to create 3D models based on their imagination, as well as scientific and mathematical principles. Being able to understand how 3D shapes work and fit together can also result in an improvement in spatial intelligence, an overlooked indicator of future student success, and a vital part of learning development, according to a recent study by Vanderbilt University.

2. Growth Mindset – Learn from Failure

In a traditional classroom, student success is normally measured by a passing or failing grade on a test. While there are many flaws in this approach, this approach mainly ignores the lessons that can be learned from failure. The lessons we learn from failure are just as important as the lessons we learn from success, or even more important. Failure develops resiliency, and being able to learn from our mistakes is a vital skill that we want to support in our students – not only as a character trait but also as a skill set for their future.

3D design and fabrication have been proven to be great tools for facilitating learning through failure. As students undergo the design process of analyzing, modifying, and testing their design multiple times before they are successful. If a print ends up failing, students will be able to go back to analyze and modify their design until they are successful. Even Yoda said, “The greatest teacher, failure is.”

3. Real-World Problem Solving

Giving our students dynamic experiences can instill the passion for ‘thinking & doing’ and plant seeds for the future.

Not only does the 3D printing process from design to fabrication make subject matter and technical subjects more engaging but also ignites students’ curiosity and interest in STEM fields – this is especially valuable when applied at an early age. This is why we have created a lab program specifically designed for our littlest ‘thinkers & doers’ from 5.5 to 7 years old.

One of the biggest benefits of 3D printing is its ability to facilitate real-world problem-solving in the lab. Whether it’s accelerating the innovation process so students can experience the entire product design process from A to Z or innovating actual designs to solve current real-world problems from assistive technology to 3D printed coral, to large structures such as bridges, houses, and even boats.

3D Printing has the power to change the way students learn! But make no mistake – leveraging educational technology isn’t as simple as having the latest and greatest technology in the lab – it’s about effectively integrating that technology into the curriculum in a way that engages, supports, and inspires all learners and that’s what we do here at STEAMwhiz  – CREATE + INNOVATE + SOLVE!

Get Started and Jump In

Getting started is easy thanks to great free tools specifically designed for kids! We highly recommend TinkerCAD as a great entry point into to start thinking and designing in 3 dimensions. Even better you can take these creations and send them to us to 3D print for you =D 
 
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STEAMwhiz, Physical Computing, & Raspberry Pi’s, Oh My!!

STEAMwhiz

We are gearing up to reach more early education students across the good ol’ US of A in the latter half of 2022 (stay tuned). Our mission is to empower more students with the knowledge to become innovative problem solvers that will prepare them for their future, not our past. Our Co-founder and Program Director Allie and I have worked at all levels of the nation’s education system, from public school teachers to curriculum developers at National Laboratories to doing fundamental research at the highest levels of science in America to working at Fortune 100 companies! We are creating both in-person labs and digital courses (coming Fall/Winter 2022) to pass this knowledge on to the up and coming generations. This means that we are not developing one-off projects but a deep curriculum for students rooted in (S)cience (T)ech (E)ngineering (A)rt (M)ath to provide the fundamental and technical acumen to become the innovative problem solvers of tomorrow. You might ask why STEAM? Well, we believe that these fields have a bright future that will not only provide excellent careers for young students but allow them to be creative in amazing ways and exploits their natural curiosity about the world around them. By tapping into their potential, as early as 6 years old, we believe they will be able to find solutions to the novel and difficult problems they will face in the future!

Physical Computing

An amazing development in the last decade or so is the accessibility of Physical Computing for young students! What is physical computing and why is it important? Well we know computing is related to computers right 😋 let’s give it a bit more of a formal definition

COMPUTING is any goal-oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating computing machinery.

Wikipeda

In other words, it’s the use of a computer to accomplish some goal or task. This typically resides inside of the computer in the virtual world. Some examples are creating a scientific model to predict the weather or writing a blog post like this one 😄

Now we add the word PHYSICAL to the term COMPUTING and we move out of the virtual-only world and interact with the physical ‘real’ world as well.

PHYSICAL COMPUTING involves interactive systems that can sense and respond to the world around them.

Wikipedia

Sometimes it’s easier to see than to read, so below are some fun examples from MIT Maker Resources for K-12 Educators.

This is basically at the heart of all our technology; bridging the human physical world with the virtual technological one! Now imagine the amazing creativity and ingenuity that the next generation of students can explore with these tools at their disposal, if we transform the when, what, and how we teach them!

Raspberry Pi’s

The GP (i.e. General Purpose) are the PINs used for physical Computing

Ok, so how does the Raspberry Pi fit into all of this? The Raspberry Pi is an amazingly powerful, little single-board computer that is relatively inexpensive for students to explore Physical Computing. What makes it different than any other computer? While it is a ‘normal’ computer that can be used to browse the internet, write a document, and code a program, it also has an amazing suite of programs geared for kids to explore computing! Moreover, it has special PINs called General Purpose Input Output PINs (aka GPIO PINs) that allow the Raspberry Pi to connect to sensors, lights, motors, actuators, buzzers, pumps, and so much more. It bridges the physical world into the virtual one like the videos above!

STEAMwhiz Pi

One challenge of the Raspberry Pi is that there is a barrier to entry that requires a certain level of technical understanding to really unlock its power. So what we have done at STEAMwhiz is create a wonderful plug and play solution for parents and students, which we call the STEAMwhiz Pi 😅

The STEAMwhiz Pi (pictured above) is basically an exact clone of what we use in our in-person labs, with a touch screen and the exact software configuration we use to teach our students throughout the academic year! This allows for our students to continue working & innovating at home well after they leave the lab. Bonus they can use it for their school work too, as it’s a full-blown desktop computer!

Isaac putting in the work at home and doing physical computing after lab!

Where is this all going? Well, while there are great tutorials online and fun project boxes, most are not really targeting early education & holistic curriculum development. So it is possible for some very driven students to learn, but it’s mostly geared toward an older audience through standalone disconnected projects. In Q3 & Q4 of 2022, we will begin the rollout of our STEAMwhiz app to deliver STEAM courses specifically targeting early education which will be a full-blown curriculum to provide our decades of experience to students across the country in a fun animated storybook fashion. The STEAMwhiz Pi is the first step so parents can just plug and play a system for their children to begin exploring the world of physical computing! You can learn more about the STEAMwhiz Pi here.

Getting Started in Physical Computing

In the meantime, while we roll out our STEAMwhiz app, we encourage our students and parents to check out the links below to get started in the world of physical computing and get those inquisitive minds working! Feel free to reach out if you have questions or comments and we will be happy to engage.

Python & Physical Computing

A nice tutorial to get started with Physical Computing and Python!
https://projects.raspberrypi.org/en/projects/physical-computing/0

This tutorial introduces some basic electronic components and how to use a great coding language called Python to control LEDS, buzzers, and more! Python is ubiquitous in research and industry throughout the world and is an excellent first coding language to start out with.

Scratch & Physical Computing

A nice tutorial to get started with Scratch and Physical Computing
https://projects.raspberrypi.org/en/projects/physical-computing-with-scratch

The tutorial above introduces physical computing using a drag and drop visual block coding language known as Scratch. If you are unfamiliar you can read more about it in our other post here. We recommend this for students who can read and write but are just starting to dip their toes into coding.

Once you have gone through the tutorials above you can check out more here fun projects from the Raspberry Pi Foundation.

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We love our MOMs!

Come to the lab and have your kids create, learn, and give mom a gift that keeps giving! Together with the STEAM-TEAM, they will use the laser engraver and illustrator software to create Mom a customized flower box for Mother’s day.

They will pick the seeds of their choice, from flowers to herbs, add soil and plant them. Just show up and we will do the rest!

Here is a great piece on the Makerlab event by our local WTEN news =)

https://www.news10.com/top-stories/steamwhiz-helps-kids-build-a-fun-and-scientific-gift-for-mothers-day/

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STEAMwhiz Free Lab – Size, Scale & Filtration

Its Thanksgiving weekend and we want to thank our Capital District community for all the support!

Come join us if you are in the NY capital district Thanksgiving weekend. See the image for details.

Who is this for?


New students ages 7-11 from in NY’s capital district. Parents will get to see the lab and meet the ‘STEAM-team’.

What is it?


A free science lab where kids will explore how size & scale relate to mask filtration.We will be collecting non-perishable food items for @GuilderlandFoodPantry. We ask you to bring some food to donate, if you ‘can’  😉

To RSVP

Message us on fb.com/STEAMwhizNY or use the chat button in the bottom right corner of this page.

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STEAM up your Halloween

Happy Hall-O-STEAM! Kids from the Capital District NY can get hands-on in our lab, learn LED science, and fabricate their own glowing 3D Printed pumpkin! Create a learning POD with up to 4 friends and RSVP today, Oct. 24th – Oct. 31st. Parents are encouraged to join and see the STEAMwhiz method in action! Ages 7-13.

Discover how STEAMwhiz makes serious science, seriously fun and empower your NextGen Thinker(s) to DISCOVER, TEST, ANAYLZE, AND CREATE.

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A Great Day for Space and Humankind

“You want to wake up in the morning and think the future is going to be great – and that’s what being a spacefaring civilization is all about. It’s about believing in the future and thinking that the future will be better than the past. And I can’t think of anything more exciting than going out there and being among the stars.” – Elon Musk

4 days ago history was made and it was awesome! SpaceX and NASA’S launch marked the start of the commercial crew era of U.S. human spaceflight and a return to American operated spacecraft. The SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket carrying NASA astronauts Robert Behnken and Douglas Hurley aboard SpaceX’s Crew Dragon spacecraft launched from Kennedy Space Center on May 30, 2020, and docked 19 hours later with the ISS. NASA’s SpaceX Demo-2 mission to the International Space Station is a critical final flight test of the SpaceX crew transportation system.

I can’t believe it has been almost 10 years since the last American space shuttle was launched. Launches were tracked, watched in school, celebrated accomplishments, or mourned losses. Space was my thing! When the book, Apollo 13 was released, my friend and I had a competition to see who could finish it the fastest. I don’t quite remember who won that competition, but I do remember dreaming of becoming an astronaut. Even though my life path was turned in a different direction, I never stopped being awed by the greatness of space, space flight, and space exploration. Maybe my love from space came from living a short drive from Cape Canaveral and being able to witness rockets shooting to the stars. But I believe it is something much simpler, ingrained in all humans, uniting humanity together; the spirit of exploration! And this launch revived that spirit in me.

NASA, America’s space program, will continue to work with commercial companies like SpaceX and Boeing to design, build, test, and operate cost-effective human transportation systems to low-Earth orbit and eventually beyond. While this is an important mission, this is not what brought on tears and goose-bumps as I watched SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket the Crew Dragon spacecraft safely to the ISS with my young children. It was being able to witness the spirit of humanity working together and creating a “future better than the past” for my children and my children’s children. While STEAMwhiz is not physically launching astronauts into space (hmmm…maybe one day!), we hope our philosophy to inspire a love of learning and doing by making keen observations, asking insightful questions, and learning exciting stuff, will keep humans among the stars. We and all humankind are ready for the ‘Next Giant Leap!’

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Putting filtering masks to the test

There is scattered (pun intended) information out there regarding mask/filter effectiveness, and being the ‘STEAM’team, we had to test things out for ourselves and make sense of all the noise. So we constructed an experiment, hooked up some sensors, wired some electronics, and put the filters to the test. If you need a mask, you can order the STEAMwhiz mask which we found to perform just as good as N95 masks in our tests. Read here to learn why STEAMwhiz is printing masks.

Intro

We are busy cooking up a nice research article “COVID-19: What you Need to Know”, so we won’t go into details here such as how big is the virus, do I need a mask, or how is the virus spread, etc. Instead we will focus on comparing the performance of different masks to N95 masks.

The N95 Mask Standard

N95 masks are typically made up of 3 separate layers and the main filter medium consists of non-woven polypropylene. The ‘N’ in N95 stands for ‘Not Oil Resistant’. There are two other classifications ‘R – Resistant to oil’, ‘P – Oil Proof’ but for protection against COVID-19, N-type masks are what we are after. The ’95’ declares a 95% filtration efficacy of 0.3 micron (um) particles. If you are interested you can read more about the mask and standards over on the CDC’s website. We will detail ‘how good’ a mask needs to be for COVID-19 in the aforementioned research article. For this article, our goal will be to compare mask filter medium to N95 masks, as it is the standard used every day in the medical field for folks who are constantly exposed to various contagions.

Setup

We researched various setups and decided to go with a ‘candle test’ and laser-scattering particle detector to see which filter was up to snuff. When a candle is extinguished it generates a spectrum of fine particles and is routinely used in research for filtration tests. We funneled these particles up to the filter medium without any additional acceleration from fans etc. The particle detector has a resolution of 0.3 microns (particle size used to rate N95 masks) and was placed in a custom-airtight housing after the filter medium. For the filter mediums, we decided to test the following: an N95 mask (which is made up of three layers), the polypropylene filter medium used in the STEAMwhiz masks, and three fabric-type mask – a two t-shirt layered mask, a quilted-muslin-quilted fabric mask, and a folded bandanna (making two layers total). We also exposed the sensor directly to the particles as a control. The room humidity was 42% and the ambient temperature was 20 C for all the following tests.

Results and Discussion

Figure 1 shows the the number of particles above certain sizes. The No Filter (red) is basically the saturation point for the sensor for each particle size.

From Figure 1 we can gain some insight to the performance of each mask type. Some of the important takeaway are:

  • The bandanna mask (orange) appears to offer no detectable filtration for particles below 1.0 um and modest filtration for particles above 2.5 um.
  • The t-shirt mask (green) is slightly better than the bandanna where we can detect some effectiveness for particles above 1-micron
  • The quilt mask (turquoise) is the best performing fabric mask and is the only fabric mask to offer some form of sub-1-micron particle filtration
  • The N95 and STEAMwhiz masks appear equivalent and successfully filter out all particles above 2.5-microns
Figure 2 shows the number of particles for various size ranges.

Figure 2 clearly shows how much better the polypropylene-based masks perform across the board. The N95 and STEAMwhiz filters allowed approximately 50 particles ranging from 0.3-0.5um per 0.1L of air, whereas the fabric masks allowed 100 – 1000 times more particles through their respective layers. Interestingly, the multi-layered quilted mask becomes quite effective for particles larger than 10um. The bandanna was left off due to its overall ineffectiveness, but the t-shirt mask was 10 times worse than the quilted mask and approximately 1000 times worse than the N95 and STEAMwhiz masks.

Figure 3 shows an image of a (a) bandanna and a (b)t-shirt.

Figure 3 shows close up images of the (a) bandanna and (b) t-shirt. You can clearly see the woven pattern and regular holes/pores typical of fabric materials. The pore sizes for the bandanna where slightly larger than the t-shirt at 135.8 um and 105.2 um, respectively. We also noticed that the t-shirt had more fibers that seems to cross the pores which effectively would reduce the size of the pores.

Figure 4 shows a magnified image of the (a) N95 mask and the (b) STEAMwhiz mask filter mediums.

We wanted to look more closely at the filter mediums that performed the best to better understand the differences. The N95 mask shown in Figure 4 (a) shows a dense pattern of non-woven fibers. The STEAMwhiz mask shown in Figure 4 (b) also shows a dense pattern of slightly larger non-woven fibers. The two filter mediums also varied in total thicknesses/number of layers. The N95 mask had 3 primary layers that measure approximately 0.5 mm, while the STEAMwhiz had about 5 layers and was 1.5 mm in total thickness. So why do the masks perform so well? There are no pores! The fibers cross each other at various angles which fill in any large pores and is unlike what we see above for the woven fabrics.

Conclusion

If you have access to some N95 masks, you should use them as they are quite effective at removing ultra-fine particles (duh). If you don’t have one, no worries, you can order the STEAMwhiz masks we’ve tested. Not only does it perform just as well as the N95 masks in our test above, but you will also help curtail the critical shortage of N95 masks for our amazing health care workers who knowingly exposing themselves to a deadly virus. It is also much more comfortable and easier to use which you can read more about here.

For the masks to be effective fit is critical; if it doesn’t fit it won’t work well and you can forget about how well the filter medium works. Health care works are typically fitted for N95 masks to maximize their effectiveness. The STEAMwhiz masks come in various sizes and the tension is easily adjustable to help ensure a snug fit.

If you need to wait for a mask and are still going out and about, using fabrics that you have around the house is a great idea! We suggest using the multi-layered mask above, but even a bandanna around your nose and mouth offers some level of protection starting at the 2.5-micron range. While this won’t filter out the coronavirus itself (~0.125 microns), the particles that are spread from a sneeze or cough are typically attached to large particles tens of microns in size. So even a bandanna will offer some level of protection for you and those around you (in case you are unknowingly infected). You can read more about our coronavirus research here ‘COVID-19 What you Need to Know” (coming soon).

We hope this was informative and helpful. While we have spent quite of bit of time getting these things together, it feels good to know we are doing something to help keep people safe and get our country back working again! Feel free to leave us a comment below or contact us with any questions.

If you like our educational content consider supporting STEAMwhiz by checking out our store or donating to the cause =D

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Need a Mask? Check out STEAMwhiz’s 3D-Printed Mask

You may be asking, why is STEAMwhiz, an educational hub for experiential science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematical adventures printing reusable mask respirator kits? If so, read more here. Looking for basic info on STEAMwhiz’s mask, make sure to watch the video below and read on…

Let’s go over the mask basics–

Performance

In our tests, the STEAMwhiz mask performed as good as a commercial N95 mask. Read more about about the test and performance of these masks and more in Dr. JP’s write up here.

Sizing

To help ensure proper fit, (3) sizes are available with kid sizing in the works inside the MakerLab. Thanks to the addition of the PE foam to obtain optimal seal and comfort, sizing is quite forgivable. My measurements indicate that I am a size (S). However, I am also able to wear a (M). So do not overstress over a few mm.

Sizing: Measure from the bottom of the chin to the bridge of the nose.
Small ~ 100mm, Medium ~ 120mm, Large ~ 140mm

What’s Included

This is a reusable mask kit for personal protection. The kit includes (1) mask, (4) elastic straps, (1) harness w/strap adjusters, and multiple filter housings with the fitted filter medium. Made from lightweight PLA plastic, the mask and “X” harness are easy to clean, comfortable and provide an excellent seal. PE foam is used for an airtight seal and provides all-day comfort. Unlike the N95 masks, where the polypropylene filter fibers are in direct contact with your skin causing irritation, the PE foam will provide a nice cushioned seal without embedding fine fibers into your skin.

The mask kit includes the filter medium (95% 1 um particles), already installed in the removable filter housings, which provides the needed protection from sneezes and coughs. We have two options available to select from:

  • 2 filter housings with filter medium cut and fitted for the occasional use –or–
  • 5 filter housings with filter medium cut and fitted for the workweek

Assembly Instructions

Before using the masks, we suggest inserting an additional layer, such as a coffee filter or paper towel, behind the filter housing for extra protection from particles that may come loose over time from the polypropylene filter medium (the same material that irritates your skin from the N95 masks). Use the plastic filter housing as a template to cut your additional layers of protection. It does not need to be precise, a slight overhang is ideal in this case. Insert additional layer between mouth shield and removable plastic filter housing, that is fitted with the filter medium. Clear as mud? Check out STEAMwhiz’s Assembly and Mask Care Instructional video (coming soon).

Filter housings snap in place and are removable for added convenience. Install and use (1) filter housing throughout the day and replace it with a new filter housing the next day.

The last thing you want is uncomfortable protection. PPE needs to fit properly and be comfortable enough to wear for the duration of your task or day. PPE that strains your ears, irritates your skin, and constantly needs adjusting will not provide you proper protection. That is why STEAMwhiz’s 3D-Printed Mask is fitted with comfortable PE foam and an adjustable “X” harness.

The final step in assembling your STEAMwhiz mask is to adjust the elastic strap length using the strap adjusters on the 3D-printed harness to ensure a snug seal. Multiple holes are provided for each elastic strap to ensure the optimal fit. Just say “No” to ear-fatigue!

Mask Care and Cleaning:

Clean the mask/harness by removing the filter housing with filter medium and spraying/wiping it with any common disinfectant. DO NOT spray down filter medium, as this could cause a premature break down of fibers. Here at STEAMwhiz our go-to disinfectant is an easy to make bleach/water solution. Each day we mix up 16 oz. of water with 2 teaspoons of bleach in a reusable spray bottle. This bottle is used throughout the day on surfaces, packages, masks, and any other items that can be safely disinfected with bleach.

Here are the guidelines to make a bleach/water solution recommended by the CDC:

  • Unexpired household bleach will be effective against coronaviruses when properly diluted.
    Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for application and proper ventilation. Never mix household bleach with ammonia or any other cleanser.
    Leave the solution on the surface for at least 1 minute.
    To make a bleach solution, mix:
  • 5 tablespoons (1/3rd cup) bleach per gallon of water
    OR
  • 4 teaspoons bleach per quart of water
  • Bleach solutions will be effective for disinfection up to 24 hours

Allow used filter housing to sit in a breathable bag, such as a paper bag, for a few days before using it again. Cycle through the other filter housings throughout the work week or whenever a mask is needed. Each day put used filter housing into a new breathable bag. Write the date to help keep this process organized. Remember DO NOT spray filter medium with disinfectant.

Note: We do not recommend using steam as this could deform the mask as temperatures approach 60C.

“Nice face mask! Where did you get it?” asks a grocery associate to my dad. He proudly responds, “My daughter made it for me on a 3D printer.” Grocery associate says, “Very cool!” My dad’s response sums up this post nicely, “Yeah…as far as face masks go (queue head-shaking).” So if you gotta wear a mask, might as well wear the coolest one!